Trace decay theory

"Trace decay theory 
is based on the theory that forgetting occurs as a result of the automatic decay or fading of the memory trace. Trace decay theory focuses on time and the limited duration of the short term memory. Trace decay theory suggests that memory can only hold information for 15 to 30 seconds without it being rehearsed. the theory states that information decays and fades after this. 
it's not all that much direct support for this deacy theory in terms of explaining the loss of information from short-term to long term memory. one of the problems with decay theory is that it is code to impossible to test it. in theory it would be fully possible. but in reality it is not possible to create a situation in which there is a blank period of time between the presentation of material and recall.  Having presented information participants will rehearse it.  If you prevent rehearsal by introducing a distracter task, it results in interference.

Decay theory has difficulty explaining the observation that many people can remember events that happened several years previously with great clarity, even though they haven't thought about them during the intervening period.  If our memories gradually decayed over time, then people should not have clear memories of distant events which have lain dormant for several years.  However, there is evidence to suggest that information is lost from sensory memory through the process of decay (Sperling, 1960).

feedback

focus a bit on the concept of forgetting
do a website thing
focus on decay theory?
i think ill want to focus on showcasing how it feels fo other people that haven't experienced it or only have on language.
could introduce foreign words that are similar and over time it is a different language that no longer makes sense, possibly with the same text.
i also like the idea of it coming from nothing and becoming something over 21 something either actions that would relate to the tips people have for never forgetting a language
could also look more into the bits of English that has been forgotten and try to reintroduce that.

initial ideas

removing all the words
- completely forgotten

This idea is based on this article that I read about this German-speaking woman that had lived in the UK for 10 plus years and how to issues reading a text from her brother in German. It was asked if German was completely out of her head she couldn't fathom what language he was writing in. I want it possibly produce some sort of helping guide 2 avoid this coz there are several tips online and how to avoid language saturation so I want to add tips too how people avoid it and it's kind of like Duolingo but instead of learning a new language just maintaining your own language. This possible site would also feel like have some sort of community where you can speak to other native speakers. This way people could also learn the language and interact with people that have issues with it or know it well and create some sort of language community. But overtime this website as a concept of it would be better than more you will do your tasks, you'll get more the website and more information about language attrition.

removing some words
-language attrition

This concept is similar to the previous one but you have a text dedicated to your country whether it's a Storey fairytale some sort of history and longer on the website you get more of it because when you're exposed to natural language you remember more of it. And the longer there the fewer mistakes it shows the red lines would disappear the words would appear nothing would be missed spelt at the end of it. The possible website would be perfectly working after 21 minutes, within this website it also has to have something interactive with you can't just stare at a screen for 21 minutes but it is an informational website possibly and it sorted gibberish at the start of it and after 2 minutes it would be closer and it'll move closer to the perfect anguish that it should be. I kinda wanna take inspiration from the website silo acid so clinical in cleaning and newspaper-like. And do something clean-cut and do different articles about it and have some games and comic strips on the website.

forgotten languages 

There are about 5000 languages that are still spoken today but every year this Numbers declining as languages aren't taught to the younger generation to preserve a language younger people have to learn it and to have sustainable growth of language there has to be something done about it for this initial idea that I had I just made a map but I think it could be so much more to create sort of a game for families or kids 2 learn the language to the children as forgetting languages is quite a big issue as language is related to culture, and cultures related to belonging somewhere without belonging somewhere people get aggressive and feel left out and not understood. So the people have a sort of place on the road even if they're not actually home has a community about it and teach children and other kids possibly a language that would otherwise die out. This map is showcasing all the dead languages on a timeline so to see when the last language died out there several every year that dies out, I read an article about this old man he was 90 plus and he was the last one that spoke his language as he never told his kids his own native language as they didn't need it because no one else really spoke it. when you click on one of the languages forgotten you'd also get some sort of history of the last person or at least of what the language would be like today why it's Forgotten through time.

I've been looking into maybe showcasing and more personal Storey over And I think I could do that with showcasing two sides of it having an analytical English text and a personal Norwegian text. I'm just not sure how it works I want to test out some more ways of doing it go I think it needs to be more dynamic for it to work I think it works in a publication though. But I don't have a printer so...

I also contacted a teacher that I know to write her thoughts on language ah she's a Norwegian teacher should have a different point of view from me possibly. I'm not sure would want to do with this but it's part of the research and some of the things that she wrote is quite cool such as it unites and creates distance as a language just do that because even though people know a language is still not their native language.

 I could also possibly like to create is a Dictionary of weird English words that people have forgotten to use I found a couple of websites that showcase them and they are quite fun so specific I don't know what to do with it but I think it's really cool. And bringing some weird words back to life would be kind of fun as it's gonna be new for most people but possibly some old people is just like yeah that's a word obviously it is. Could also do a mix between old words and modern slang terms to teach older people about slang words that usually gets implemented in the language over time.

I've also got another idea or showcasing the similarities between languages and I'm probably going to focus on Norwegian. To showcase how similar and how easy it is to mix the two languages. And also it showcases the small gap between them us a lot of English has been inspired by Norwegian because of Vikings but a lot of Norwegians been inspired by English because globalisation

book
from nothing but periods and signs to something that makes sense in a full-text throughout a book, it will have a letter by letter or word by word reviled.


a misspelt book  that gets slightly better per page

Joseph Lebus spent four years studying languages at Durham University during that time he figured out what really interested him and started doing graphic design as it allows you to express language in a different way. Most of his work is textural And focuses on typographic choices used as background and also as on top of the hierarchy to draw the views iron. His pieces are quite varied but they all have typography somewhere within them. I found these four pieces quite interesting as it uses typist pattern in a way to create visual interest

Alfredo Jaar’s Rwanda’s project

Why is Alfredo Jaar’s Rwanda project was focused on bringing attention to Rwanda and the horrible atrocities that were happening there? As most of the items created focused on violent imagery and dead people on the street this approach uses repetition to bring people's attention to the place, and the genocide the use of the simple typography draws your attention in a space that usually is really branded.

TEMPLO

shoreditich
pali

creativitiyforchange

idio
interning
John spanks
mm

the gap between the design industry thinks and what reality is
a disconnect in some companies
redundant thinking if it does not make a change

started Templo
can't change everything overnight
without attention on it how are you too gonna break through a brick wall
no companies with a fishy business that does not fit their manifesto

branding

geopolitics
importance to a county based on how it is placed on a map

UN
FN
simple things to connect every department
custom typeface

political project on an international level.
not a pr agency but did it for FN
NO emotion in the political to have it neutral
WikiLeaks 

put military things into context


hope to nope
design approach pushed the facts further
political impact exhibition
weapons manufacturer in the same location
Lucienne Robers exhibition

The UK
what does it take to be British
could the union jack be incorporating more people
brit-ish
got people to draw their flags
each flag represents a person
form magazine

war criminals
campaign to arrest Sri Lanka war-criminal general
pictogram
#arrestthegeneral
visualise the writing as it is not well known
campaign material and smuggle into the UN(FN)
what design can do Nederland
activism cant work alone balanced with legal action
suggest a solution

corporate
make CEOs human
rebranding
Cedep, not a business school
no idea is shit
animation

protesting
plymoth
creating learning


survivor of torture
part the words as they are so different
survivors to draw their paths
forced migration
family splitting
expressing what is wrong in English is difficult so flashcards were created.

human rights
Sri Lanka
systematic torture regime after the war was supposed to be done
as a designer what can I do?
connect a local problem to the rest of the world
collaborate with people that know the legal part.
Desemand tutu
both languages showcased
get the UN to open a war crime investigation
paths
torture methods
white flag movement
those people disappeared
did not put their name to it
people got intimidated by it
MIA film
made a change and the UN voted to investigate
brand new
wired
creative report

how do you keep sane?
he does not
he gets paranoid
got kids
just after something normal
need to be slightly off kill to do what they do

what is the role of the designer?
be part of the dialogue
bottom of the food chain
showcase what we can do
interrogating questions that no one wants to ask.


bit of more than you can chew?
yes
spitfield marked
connaran
old stalls turned to hammocks
homelessness
council issues
not aiming to solve homelessness
collected food from the stalls that would be thrown out
be open on negative and positive thoughts.

things to try

what are you aiming to do?
bring awareness

solving the issue or raise awareness?

possible outcomes could be
a book
an app (I don't want that for me)
animation hear the change - voiceover
Duolingo learning languages
dictionary- verbal descriptions that don't really make sense without context
removing parts of the language, letters, punctuation or something like that

this week brief: work on initial ideas

Why am I researching this?
how?

What can I make out of that?
continue research

this week
continue research

identify the aim.
solving or informing?
what else
reflect
an outward-facing approach

initial ideas
possible outcomes
don't overthink it

in pairs.
what are you aiming to do?
solving the issue or raise awareness?
possible outcomes could be


individually
respond to the list
test range of directions
continue research

poster in a day

I started looking over my research and found the quite from Alexander McCall Smith that sais that “To lose your own language was like forgetting your mother, and as sad, in a way” I I have thought about this quite for a while now and uncertain how to make into something so I started with writing some shortened sentences with that I settle on this one that is forgetting your language is like forgetting your mother.

I wanted to test out letterpress as I want to relate the production to traditional medias languages such an old thing and keeping a language alive is based on print and reading it and being around it. I feel like a traditional medium in a book would work incredibly well overall for this project but in terms of marketing it a printed poster in letterpress would be quite effective. Working with some overlays possibly in screen print to make it pop would be sick.

I took ages to set the type find the letters as I wanted to be big, what I should have done was just choose a typeface to write it in small and in larger and reprint it. But also wanted like a pop of colour and chose this blue colour. I thought it would be more electric blue but as a draft, it will do. What I didn't see when I was typesetting it was that I completely forgot one word come up which is insane but this is not the final poster anyway, so I wrote with a tiny note on the crit that said that it's not quite what I meant it to be but you know it is what it is. At the feedback from the session was essential that they wanted something more with it but they also said to choose either type or image for this and I did that I might create some sort of map as they suggested behind it as that would be cool and screenprint showcasing possibly dead languages or words that but usually to forget.

research presentation

I've tried to just put all together it will do. 

I feel like I've could have done more, I didn't get all that many responses to my survey as I would have liked. 

International society

I went to the international meeting and we talked about what people missed from back home, the interesting thing was that language and food was the most common thing that they missed.

They were essentially just having a chat about languages which is quite nice. And I found that most people had sold the same issues that I've had but most of them also had their native language speaking people in their friend group. I don't have that so I'd expect their situation to be better but apparently not he learned somethings according to them they all feel frustrated about not knowing why it's an issue coz you know it's an issue but also like how do you know it's a thing because I've been thinking about this since I moved to the UK never looked into it cause like I figured just yeah that's just how it is isn't it. I've also asked him to answer my survey as I need different international views on it. I know it's quite a weird thing to ask people and I find it weird to ask people about it as it's quite niche but I figured that the International Society would have more knowledge about it. I also talked to Laine and Zoe  as they both South African but neither of them can keep conversation on a level with are you feel comfortable with it a 20 year olds . The knowledge of the language is so limited as they weren't taught it after they moved away all that much so their level of afrikaanse is it roundabout the level of the 10 year old. They both feel weighed about it coz I can't properly talk to some of their family in their native language. It's sort of shame that comes with for getting something which makes me terrified to forget Norwegian.

Survey

Survey 
I made a quick survey to try to figure out how people felt about their languages in combination with another. I just wanted to get a grasp of what people thought and what specifically they remembered that they forgot. 

I found that the most interesting ones were the ones with the feeling that they had if they were not around their language and how you feel about it. 

Language attrition

Language attrition is the process of losing a native or first language. This process is generally caused by both isolation from speakers of the first language, this interferes with grammar and comprehension of the language. When you are isolated from your first language over time which is experienced by all bilinguals but is most evident in people whose second language is more dominant than their first language in their everyday. it is normal among immigrants that travel through countries that use a language that is not their native language. 




The loss of a native language is often experienced as something profoundly moving, disturbing or shocking, both by those who experience it and by those who witness it in others: “To lose your own language was like forgetting your mother, and as sad, in a way”, because it is “like losing part of one’s soul” is how Alexander McCall Smith puts it (The Full Cupboard of Life, p. 163).  Attrition can be described in two ways, as a process, or as a phenomenon. The definition of the process is deceptively simple: When we are looking at attrition, we are dealing with “the non-pathological decrease in a language that had previously been acquired by an individual” (Köpke & Schmid, 2004:5). In other words, attrition investigates the situation where a speaker can no longer do something which they have been able to do before had previously been able to do, and this loss of proficiency is not caused by a deterioration of the brain due to age, illness or injury, but by a change in linguistic behaviour due to a severance of the contact with the community in which the language is spoken. Given this definition there are two theoretically possible scenarios: one where all contact has ceased and there is no linguistic input or communication at all (as would be the case if someone was stranded alone on a desert island) and one where there is overwhelming competition from another language system (for L1 attrition, this situation applies in the case of emigrants, where attrition of a foreign language is concerned, this is the case after instruction or exposure to that language has all but ceased). 



Afasi

is a condition that will not allow you to understand and use words, even if the muscles that are in charge and you nerve endings are intact. the brain does not store the information the way that most kids have it. kids learn languages by listening to people around them but when you cant sstore this information you will not be able to communicate. 
23-year-old Frida Haugeland has this condition and was six when she said her first word. up until hat she spoke gibberish and had several problems beyond just language. she was not able to think as she did not get the words or images in her head if she tried, this hindered her from drawing as she was unable to connect the idea that she had to the drawing. 

When there is a partial but not complete failure, one often uses the term dysphasia. Aphasia and dysphasia must be separated from dysarthria. Dysarthria is a failure in the ability to pronounce words, and is because the function of the nerves and muscles that control the tongue and lips is disturbed. Dyslexia, a congenital failure in the ability to read, is also another condition that must be separated from aphasia.

In Khaled Hosseini’s book, And the Mountains Echoed, an Afghan-American named Pari asks her father why she had to attend lessons to read and write her mother tongue as a child. The response her father gives resonates with me to this very day:  “If culture is a house, then language was the key to the front door; to all the rooms inside. Without it,…you ended up wayward, without a proper home or a legitimate identity.”

First-language Attrition 

The simple answer is, yes…

… it’s very rare. The slightly longer answer is no. 

Some form of brain damage or very extreme circumstances, it can happen. And it depends on what you mean by “forget” and how much you’re forgetting.

The technical term for forgetting—or losing—your native language is first-language Attrition 

Normally these people left their home country as children and never returned. Their language wasn’t fully developed, and often there’s a psychological element. For example, they were bullied and had a desperate desire to fit into their new country and language.

Let’s say you move to a foreign environment. You use your second language all the time and almost never use your native language. What generally what happens is that you find it harder to recall words quickly. You’ll feel like you should know the word… but can’t remember what it is (the “tip of the tongue” effect). Your first language will get slow and awkward and take more effort than it should.

Language activation 

it is not like being a monolingual times two both languages are always switched on and the language activation is what determines what comes out. the two languages fight and the dominant come out first, occasionally there will be some words that mix, but you will usually use the language you used last. 

When you know more than one language, all your languages are constantly active in the brain. So to stop you using the wrong language the brain has a suppression mechanism that effectively puts a language to sleep when you’re not using it.

But when you start using it again, it’ll quickly “wake up”. it might take some time if it has been a while but you should be able to recover quickly. suppressing a language

Integration 

Moved to a different country as a child

Kids want to fit in 

Not to scare anyone 

People want to fit in the culture

might not forget 

inaccessible but buried traced remained 

controversial research 

Korean adopted adults were put under hypnosis

They were able to bring it back to some extent.

figure out

what issue
what research carried out what have i learned
what methods
....